.fasta

sequence data

Mus_musculus.GRCm38.74.dna.toplevel.fa
>1 dna:chromosome chromosome:GRCm38:1:1:195471971:1 REF
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
...

It supports multiple sequences in a file (used in inputs for multiple alignment program or in reference genome toplevel)

>seq1
.....
>seq2
.....
>seq3
.....

.fastq

sequence data with quality scores

4 lines/read

DRR028646_1.fastq
@DRR028646.1 HISEQ:63:H9B95ADXX:1:1101:1486:1977 length=151
NTTTTGTCTTATTGACGCTGTCTTTGGCCTTACAGAAGCTTTGCAGTTTCATGAGGTCCCATTTGTCAATTCTAGATCTTACAGCACAAGCCATTGCTGTTCTATTCAGGAATTTTTCCCCTGTGCCAATATCTTCGAGGCTTTTCCCCAC
+DRR028646.1 HISEQ:63:H9B95ADXX:1:1101:1486:1977 length=151
#1:BDDDBBCFBBHG?GHIEEDDGH>@GGEEHFGEIDF9DFGHDDFBFGHAHHIDF8BFGEGIIIDFGGHGIICGGHEHEHHDEECD@AC?B3;@CCCC:>@A@DDCDCCC?CCCCCCCCCCBCCCCCACCCA:@:88?BBBCCC@:ACC@
@DRR028646.2 HISEQ:63:H9B95ADXX:1:1101:1339:1991 length=151
NTTGTGATTTTCAGTTTTCTCGCCATATTTCAGGTCCTACAGTGTGCATTTCTCATTTTTCACGTTTTTCAGTGATTTCGTCATTTTTCAATTCGTCAAGTGGATGTGTCTCGTTTTCCATGATTTTCAGTTTTCTTGCNNNNNNNNNNNN
+DRR028646.2 HISEQ:63:H9B95ADXX:1:1101:1339:1991 length=151
#11B==DDFHBFDEA@B>GG?EGBCGEEH>CFECDFH@GHCB*?0?FBFFDEGH>BGGEIA:<;BBFH;=FHI>7=E)=7(;ADDEECEC;A>35(5=3>5:>>>:55>@(5(8?B@AC@@3(4>CC@>:4:(4:>C@#############
@DRR028646.3 HISEQ:63:H9B95ADXX:1:1101:1466:1996 length=151
NACTTAACGACTTGAAAAATGAAGAAATCACTAAAAAACGTGAAAAATGAGAAATGCACACTGAAGGACCTGGACTATGGCGAGAAAACTGAAAATCTCGGAAAATGAGAAATACACACTTTAGGACGTGAAATATGGCGAGGAAAACTTA
...

.sam

The SAM/BAM Format Specification

a result of bwa sampe
...
DRR028646.1	99	X	132463361	60	151M	=	132463667	457	NTTTTGTCTTATTGACGCTGTCTTTGGCCTTACAGAAGCTTTGCAGTTTCATGAGGTCCCATTTGTCAATTCTAGATCTTACAGCACAAGCCATTGCTGTTCTATTCAGGAATTTTTCCCCTGTGCCAATATCTTCGAGGCTTTTCCCCAC	#1:BDDDBBCFBBHG?GHIEEDDGH>@GGEEHFGEIDF9DFGHDDFBFGHAHHIDF8BFGEGIIIDFGGHGIICGGHEHEHHDEECD@AC?B3;@CCCC:>@A@DDCDCCC?CCCCCCCCCCBCCCCCACCCA:@:88?BBBCCC@:ACC@	XT:A:U	NM:i:1	SM:i:37	AM:i:37	X0:i:1	X1:i:0	XM:i:1	XO:i:0	XG:i:0	MD:Z:0T150
DRR028646.1	147	X	132463667	60	151M	=	132463361	-457	NCAATGTTAAGTTTTAAGTGTGAACCACTATCTCATTTCTAAAATTTAGCATCCCCTTCACGCACTAGCATCTGCAGTCATAAGAATATAGAAATAAGAATTCAGAGTAAATGCAATAAATTAATGTTATTGCTTTTGATTTTCTTTTTCA	#ADDC@CDDDCCCDCCDCCCDCDDBC>ADDDDDDDCCA?:CDDCACDC?88/?:CACDDEFFDEHECEE>GGIGGHGF@HCIJHGGHFHBEEIGEEFBGHJIIGIJJIGIJGJJIIIGIJIJJIHIGEJIEIJJJIGIDFFFDFFFDF@@@	XT:A:U	NM:i:1	SM:i:37	AM:i:37	X0:i:1	X1:i:0	XM:i:1	XO:i:0	XG:i:0	MD:Z:0A150
DRR028646.2	77	*	0	0	*	*	0	0	NTTGTGATTTTCAGTTTTCTCGCCATATTTCAGGTCCTACAGTGTGCATTTCTCATTTTTCACGTTTTTCAGTGATTTCGTCATTTTTCAATTCGTCAAGTGGATGTGTCTCGTTTTCCATGATTTTCAGTTTTCTTGCNNNNNNNNNNNN	#11B==DDFHBFDEA@B>GG?EGBCGEEH>CFECDFH@GHCB*?0?FBFFDEGH>BGGEIA:<;BBFH;=FHI>7=E)=7(;ADDEECEC;A>35(5=3>5:>>>:55>@(5(8?B@AC@@3(4>CC@>:4:(4:>C@#############
DRR028646.2	141	*	0	0	*	*	0	0	TGAAANNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN	<<<?@##################################################################################################################################################
DRR028646.3	77	*	0	0	*	*	0	0	NACTTAACGACTTGAAAAATGAAGAAATCACTAAAAAACGTGAAAAATGAGAAATGCACACTGAAGGACCTGGACTATGGCGAGAAAACTGAAAATCTCGGAAAATGAGAAATACACACTTTAGGACGTGAAATATGGCGAGGAAAACTTA	#+1=AD;AD:8:DE3:22A3<9A?A<E9:*1??9?DBD6@D?;/88(=.).)8.).==@A;A;C37?@AD#################################################################################
DRR028646.3	141	*	0	0	*	*	0	0	TTTTTCAGTTATCCTCGCCATATTTCACGTCCTAAAGTGGGTGTTTCTCATTTTCCGTGATTTTCATTTTTCTCGCCGTGTTCCAGGTCCTTCAATGTGCATTTCTCATTTTTCACGTTTTTTAGTGATTTCTTCATTTTTCAAGTCGTCN	-751-2>):=:8)2:8(3@?;1:?###############################################################################################################################
DRR028646.4	77	*	0	0	*	*	0	0	NAAAATAATAAGGAATAAGGGACCATGGAAATNTANCACNAGNNNNTNNNNNNNNNNNTANNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNCNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNGNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN	#1=DDFFFHHHHHJJJJJJHIJJJJJJJJJJJ#1?#1?F#0?#############################################################################################################
DRR028646.4	141	*	0	0	*	*	0	0	AAGAANNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN	<<<@@##################################################################################################################################################
DRR028646.5	99	1	139944851	60	151M	=	139945139	439	NTATACAAACAGGACCCAACATTTTGCTGCTTATAGGAAACTCATCTCAGAGAAAAAGATAGACACTACCTCAGTATGAAAGGCTAGAAAACAATTTTCAAAGCAAATGGTAGGAAGAAACAAGCTGGAGTAGCCATCCTAATATCTAATA	#1=DDFFFHHHHHJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJIJJJJJJJJJIJJJJJJJIJJJJGFGHIJJJJJJJJJHHHHHGFFFFFFEECEDDDDDDCDDDDDDEDDDDDDDDDDD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDEEEEDED	XT:A:U	NM:i:1	SM:i:37	AM:i:37	X0:i:1	X1:i:0	XM:i:1	XO:i:0	XG:i:0	MD:Z:0C150
DRR028646.5	147	1	139945139	60	151M	=	139944851	-439	GATAATTTAGTAAAGCTCAAAGCACACATTGCACCTCAAAAATAATAGTGGGAGACTTCAACACACCACTTTCACTACTGGACAGATCATGGAAACAGAAACTAAACAGGGACACAGGGAAACTAACAGAAGTTATGAAACAAATGGATCT	DEDEDDDEDDCDDCC@>CCC@DDCDCDDDDDA>C@<BDEEEEDEDCDDCCEDDCCDC??DBA?EDGCGHGEHF@C@@D@EGIGG@GHIIBJJJJIHG@IHEHGHGDIJIGHHIGJJJJIJIIJIJIIJIJJIIJJJJIFHHHHFFFFF@C@	XT:A:U	NM:i:0	SM:i:37	AM:i:37	X0:i:1	X1:i:0	XM:i:0	XO:i:0	XG:i:0	MD:Z:151
DRR028646.6	99	16	81441870	60	151M	=	81442137	418	NCAAAATTAATAAATTCTGCATCTATTTTAGTAAATAAAATATCCTAAATAGAATAGCTAGTCAAAAGTTGACATTTTTGTCATATATAGGGCTTGATAGTCAGTGAATAAATGAATGCGACAATTCAGATATTGATTGAGAAAGATGAAA	#1=DDBD?=DFHBACEHICBHDCEFHHFHAFHDF@EF<F?EBDDCDCF?GDG*:?F@G?BB???FDHGFFH==BFGAHI<E;7=7C;C;?AA;@DA;A@>@@>>@C@DEDCCCCCCDCCB?@>>A@ACCCCCCD@CDCC@C?CCCACCCC@	XT:A:U	NM:i:1	SM:i:37	AM:i:37	X0:i:1	X1:i:0	XM:i:1	XO:i:0	XG:i:0	MD:Z:0T150
DRR028646.6	147	16	81442137	60	151M	=	81441870	-418	TAATATATATATGCATATATATATATATAGTTTAAAAAAAAAGAAACCTTTGACACTATAAAGTTTCTTTGATAATGCTACTAAAAGAGATGTTGCTAAGGTATCTCAGATAATTATACACGTCACTTCATAACACTTTTAATCCCATTCA	>EDCDDDA@CDDCEEEEDC@DDDEDCCCCA@>BBBBBCCCCCCCCCC@>DC@6>;C>CEDC>BDCHFEEHGE@@@AGEEHIHGIIIIDIHFD?IIIIHGGHDHCFBIIHIHIHHIIHGGIGFF@CHGHEIGHHE?GGGHHHD3DDDBA;@?	XT:A:U	NM:i:0	SM:i:37	AM:i:37	X0:i:1	X1:i:0	XM:i:0	XO:i:0	XG:i:0	MD:Z:151
DRR028646.7	83	9	100578847	60	151M	=	100578357	-641	GCAACATAAGAAAAATAGACCAGTGGCACTTTATTAAAATTAAATGTCTTGTGTGCCTCAAAGGCTGAGAGTGGGCTGGGGTGATGAAGCAGCCGGTCGGAACCCTGTGCACAGACCTGACCTGAGTCTGACCCCGTGAACCCCTGCTGGN	CCDDDDCDDCDEDEEDDDCDDCC@DCCCDCDEDCDDDDDDCEDCACCA??B?ABDA<:CDDDDDDDDCCAD?DDB@@DDDDDEEDDDDDBBBDDFHHGGDGCGIGIJIIIJJIGJIGGIIJIJIHGFGEEGIJJJIIIHHHHHFDFDD=4#	XT:A:U	NM:i:1	SM:i:37	AM:i:37	X0:i:1	X1:i:0	XM:i:1	XO:i:0	XG:i:0	MD:Z:150A0
DRR028646.7	163	9	100578357	60	151M	=	100578847	641	CACACTCTCCACACGGATGATGGAAGCAGGAAGACACGCTATGCTCAGCAACTCTGCGAGTTCAAAACCAGCCTGGTTATAGTCAACACTCTCAAAACCAAAACAAACAAAACATTCTCGAAGATATAGTTGGAGGCTCCCTACTTCTTAG	@;?BDDDDD?FFHGHIEGH>HHEFDGGICBCGGBGHIGIIAHAFCCE3=4;FCCC>)5->55?DCC>BCB?===A?3>>AACCDD>:>?@>:::ACCB@AA8<?BABB@BBBB@CCCECB@CBBCADECB@AC:9?BBBBB<><CCCCCCC	XT:A:U	NM:i:0	SM:i:37	AM:i:37	X0:i:1	X1:i:0	XM:i:0	XO:i:0	XG:i:0	MD:Z:151
...

.vcf

VCF (Variant Call Format) Specification

describes variations (SNPs, short INDELs, ...) relative to the reference genome

an example result of samtools mpileup
##fileformat=VCFv4.1
##samtoolsVersion=0.1.19-96b5f2294a
...
#CHROM	POS	ID	REF	ALT	QUAL	FILTER	INFO	FORMAT	DRR028646_1_caggs.bam
caggs	472	.	C	G	31	.	DP=11;VDB=3.555881e-02;RPB=-8.293682e-01;AF1=0.5032;AC1=1;DP4=0,1,0,4;MQ=60;FQ=-8.63;PV4=1,0.053,1,1	GT:PL:GQ	0/1:61,0,19:22
...

FAQs: Data File Format in UCSC Genome Bioinformatics